What happens to a quantum state after measurement?

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After measurement in quantum mechanics, a quantum state undergoes what is called wavefunction collapse. Before measurement, a quantum system can exist in a superposition of multiple states at once, described by its wavefunction. Each possible outcome has an associated probability given by the square of its amplitude.

When the system is measured, one specific outcome is observed, chosen randomly according to these probabilities. Immediately after this, the quantum state collapses into the measured state, and the superposition disappears. For example, if a qubit is in the state:

$$|\psi⟩ = \alpha|0⟩ + \beta|1⟩,$$

measuring it will yield:

• |0⟩ with probability $|\alpha|^2$, after which the state becomes |0⟩,

• |1⟩ with probability $|\beta|^2$, after which the state becomes |1⟩.

Thus, the post-measurement state is no longer a mix but the definite state corresponding to the observed outcome. This collapse is instantaneous and irreversible — the original superposition cannot be recovered.

In multi-qubit systems, measurement can also reveal correlations due to entanglement. Measuring one particle immediately defines the state of the other, even across large distances.

👉 In summary: after measurement, a quantum state loses its superposition and remains fixed in the observed outcome, fundamentally altering the system’s evolution.

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